"gnast" meaning in All languages combined

See gnast on Wiktionary

Noun [English]

Forms: gnasts [plural]
Rhymes: -æst Etymology: From Middle English gnast, knast, from Old English *gnāst (“spark”) (attested in fȳrgnāst (“spark of fire”)), from Proto-Germanic *gahnaistô (“spark”), from Proto-Germanic *ga- + Proto-Germanic *hnaistô (“spark”), perhaps from the ultimate (imitative) source of German knistern (“to crackle”). Cognate with German dialectal Ganster (“spark”), Danish gnist (“spark, sparkle”), Swedish gnista (“spark”), Icelandic gneisti, neisti (“spark”), German Gneis (“spark, gneiss”) (whence English gneiss). Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|gnast}} Middle English gnast, {{inh|en|ang|*gnāst|t=spark}} Old English *gnāst (“spark”), {{inh|en|gem-pro|*gahnaistô|t=spark}} Proto-Germanic *gahnaistô (“spark”), {{der|en|gem-pro|*ga-}} Proto-Germanic *ga-, {{der|en|gem-pro|*hnaistô|t=spark}} Proto-Germanic *hnaistô (“spark”), {{onomatopoeic|en|title=imitative}} imitative, {{cog|de|knistern||to crackle}} German knistern (“to crackle”), {{cog|de|-}} German, {{cog|da|gnist||spark, sparkle}} Danish gnist (“spark, sparkle”), {{cog|sv|gnista||spark}} Swedish gnista (“spark”), {{cog|is|gneisti}} Icelandic gneisti, {{cog|de|Gneis||spark, gneiss}} German Gneis (“spark, gneiss”), {{cog|en|gneiss}} English gneiss Head templates: {{en-noun}} gnast (plural gnasts)
  1. (obsolete) A spark; a dying or dead spark, as of a snuffed candle. Tags: obsolete
    Sense id: en-gnast-en-noun-L5fZ5pby Categories (other): English entries with incorrect language header, English onomatopoeias, Middle English entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries Disambiguation of English entries with incorrect language header: 77 23 Disambiguation of Middle English entries with incorrect language header: 49 24 6 22 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 58 22 7 13 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 67 17 5 11
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1

Verb [English]

Forms: gnasts [present, singular, third-person], gnasting [participle, present], gnasted [participle, past], gnasted [past]
Rhymes: -æst Etymology: From Middle English gnasten, gnaisten, from Old English *gnǣstan, from Proto-Germanic *gnaistijaną, causative of *gnīstijaną (“to grind”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰneydh-, *gʰneyd- (“to gnaw, scratch, rub”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian knasterje (“to gnash”), German Low German gnatschen (“to knead, gnash”), German knastern (“to gnash”), Icelandic gnesta (“to crack”). Etymology templates: {{inh|en|enm|gnasten}} Middle English gnasten, {{inh|en|ang|*gnǣstan}} Old English *gnǣstan, {{inh|en|gem-pro|*gnaistijaną}} Proto-Germanic *gnaistijaną, {{der|en|ine-pro|*gʰneydh-}} Proto-Indo-European *gʰneydh-, {{cog|stq|knasterje||to gnash}} Saterland Frisian knasterje (“to gnash”), {{cog|nds-de|gnatschen||to knead, gnash}} German Low German gnatschen (“to knead, gnash”), {{cog|de|knastern||to gnash}} German knastern (“to gnash”), {{cog|is|gnesta||to crack}} Icelandic gnesta (“to crack”) Head templates: {{en-verb}} gnast (third-person singular simple present gnasts, present participle gnasting, simple past and past participle gnasted)
  1. (ambitransitive, obsolete) To gnash. Tags: ambitransitive, obsolete Derived forms: gnasting
    Sense id: en-gnast-en-verb-89I~z10u
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Noun [Middle English]

IPA: /ɡnɔːst/, /ɡnaːst/ (note: originally Northern), /ɡnast/ (note: shortened) Forms: gnost [alternative], gnoste [alternative], knast [alternative]
Etymology: From Old English *gnāst, from Proto-Germanic *gahnaistô. Etymology templates: {{inh|enm|ang|*gnāst}} Old English *gnāst, {{inh|enm|gem-pro|*gahnaistô}} Proto-Germanic *gahnaistô Head templates: {{head|enm|noun}} gnast
  1. spark (small fire)
    Sense id: en-gnast-enm-noun-f-33gTBH Categories (other): Fire Disambiguation of Fire: 100 0
  2. ash (burnt-out lit matter)
    Sense id: en-gnast-enm-noun-7iXhTnQZ

Noun [Old English]

IPA: /ɡnɑːst/
Etymology: From Proto-West Germanic *gahnaistō, from Proto-Germanic *gahnaistô (“spark”), from Proto-Germanic *ga- + Proto-Germanic *hnaistô (“spark”), perhaps from the ultimate (imitative) source of German knistern (“to crackle”). Etymology templates: {{inh|ang|gmw-pro|*gahnaistō}} Proto-West Germanic *gahnaistō, {{inh|ang|gem-pro|*gahnaistô||spark}} Proto-Germanic *gahnaistô (“spark”), {{der|ang|gem-pro|*ga-}} Proto-Germanic *ga-, {{der|ang|gem-pro|*hnaistô||spark}} Proto-Germanic *hnaistô (“spark”), {{onomatopoeic|ang|title=imitative}} imitative, {{cog|de|knistern||to crackle}} German knistern (“to crackle”) Head templates: {{ang-noun|m|head=*gnāst}} *gnāst m Inflection templates: {{ang-decl-noun-a-m|*gnāst}}, {{ang-decl-noun|*gnāst|*gnāstas|*gnāst|*gnāstas|*gnāstes|*gnāsta|*gnāste|*gnāstum|num=|title=|type=strong a-stem}} Forms: gnāst [canonical, masculine], no-table-tags [table-tags], gnāst [nominative, singular], gnāstas [nominative, plural], gnāst [accusative, singular], gnāstas [accusative, plural], gnāstes [genitive, singular], gnāsta [genitive, plural], gnāste [dative, singular], gnāstum [dative, plural]
  1. spark Wikipedia link: Brill Publishers Tags: reconstruction Derived forms: fȳrgnāst

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "gnast",
      "gnast#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "knast",
      "knast#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "*gnāst",
      "Reconstruction:Old English/gnast"
    ],
    [
      "fȳrgnāst",
      "fyrgnast#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*gahnaistô",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gahnaistô"
    ],
    [
      "*ga-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ga-"
    ],
    [
      "*hnaistô",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hnaistô"
    ],
    [
      "knistern",
      "knistern#German"
    ],
    [
      "Ganster",
      "Ganster#German"
    ],
    [
      "gnist",
      "gnist#Danish"
    ],
    [
      "gnista",
      "gnista#Swedish"
    ],
    [
      "gneisti",
      "gneisti#Icelandic"
    ],
    [
      "neisti",
      "neisti#Icelandic"
    ],
    [
      "Gneis",
      "Gneis#German"
    ],
    [
      "gneiss",
      "gneiss#English"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_number": "1",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "gnast"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English gnast",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "*gnāst",
        "t": "spark"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English *gnāst (“spark”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*gahnaistô",
        "t": "spark"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gahnaistô (“spark”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*ga-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ga-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*hnaistô",
        "t": "spark"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hnaistô (“spark”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "title": "imitative"
      },
      "expansion": "imitative",
      "name": "onomatopoeic"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "knistern",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to crackle"
      },
      "expansion": "German knistern (“to crackle”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "German",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "2": "gnist",
        "3": "",
        "4": "spark, sparkle"
      },
      "expansion": "Danish gnist (“spark, sparkle”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "gnista",
        "3": "",
        "4": "spark"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish gnista (“spark”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "gneisti"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic gneisti",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Gneis",
        "3": "",
        "4": "spark, gneiss"
      },
      "expansion": "German Gneis (“spark, gneiss”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gneiss"
      },
      "expansion": "English gneiss",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English gnast, knast, from Old English *gnāst (“spark”) (attested in fȳrgnāst (“spark of fire”)), from Proto-Germanic *gahnaistô (“spark”), from Proto-Germanic *ga- + Proto-Germanic *hnaistô (“spark”), perhaps from the ultimate (imitative) source of German knistern (“to crackle”).\nCognate with German dialectal Ganster (“spark”), Danish gnist (“spark, sparkle”), Swedish gnista (“spark”), Icelandic gneisti, neisti (“spark”), German Gneis (“spark, gneiss”) (whence English gneiss).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "gnasts",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "gnast (plural gnasts)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "77 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "English onomatopoeias",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "49 24 6 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "58 22 7 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "67 17 5 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A spark; a dying or dead spark, as of a snuffed candle."
      ],
      "id": "en-gnast-en-noun-L5fZ5pby",
      "links": [
        [
          "spark",
          "spark"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) A spark; a dying or dead spark, as of a snuffed candle."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "rhymes": "-æst"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers"
  ],
  "word": "gnast"
}

{
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "gnasten",
      "gnasten#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "gnaisten",
      "gnaisten#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "*gnǣstan",
      "Reconstruction:Old English/gnæstan"
    ],
    [
      "*gnaistijaną",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gnaistijaną"
    ],
    [
      "*gnīstijaną",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gnīstijaną"
    ],
    [
      "*gʰneydh-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰneydh-"
    ],
    [
      "*gʰneyd-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰneyd-"
    ],
    [
      "knasterje",
      "knasterje#Saterland_Frisian"
    ],
    [
      "gnatschen",
      "gnatschen#Low_German"
    ],
    [
      "knastern",
      "knastern#German"
    ],
    [
      "gnesta",
      "gnesta#Icelandic"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_number": "2",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "gnasten"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English gnasten",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "*gnǣstan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English *gnǣstan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*gnaistijaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gnaistijaną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʰneydh-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰneydh-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "stq",
        "2": "knasterje",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to gnash"
      },
      "expansion": "Saterland Frisian knasterje (“to gnash”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds-de",
        "2": "gnatschen",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to knead, gnash"
      },
      "expansion": "German Low German gnatschen (“to knead, gnash”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "knastern",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to gnash"
      },
      "expansion": "German knastern (“to gnash”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "gnesta",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to crack"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic gnesta (“to crack”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English gnasten, gnaisten, from Old English *gnǣstan, from Proto-Germanic *gnaistijaną, causative of *gnīstijaną (“to grind”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰneydh-, *gʰneyd- (“to gnaw, scratch, rub”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian knasterje (“to gnash”), German Low German gnatschen (“to knead, gnash”), German knastern (“to gnash”), Icelandic gnesta (“to crack”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "gnasts",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnasting",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnasted",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnasted",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "gnast (third-person singular simple present gnasts, present participle gnasting, simple past and past participle gnasted)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "gnasting"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To gnash."
      ],
      "id": "en-gnast-en-verb-89I~z10u",
      "links": [
        [
          "gnash",
          "gnash"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(ambitransitive, obsolete) To gnash."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "ambitransitive",
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "rhymes": "-æst"
    }
  ],
  "word": "gnast"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "gnast"
    },
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "raw_tags": [
        "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
        "uncertain"
      ],
      "word": "snaste"
    },
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "raw_tags": [
        "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
        "uncertain"
      ],
      "word": "snast"
    },
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "raw_tags": [
        "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
        "uncertain"
      ],
      "word": "snaist"
    },
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "raw_tags": [
        "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
        "uncertain"
      ],
      "word": "snaast"
    },
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "raw_tags": [
        "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
        "uncertain"
      ],
      "word": "sneeste"
    },
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "raw_tags": [
        "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
        "uncertain"
      ],
      "word": "sneest"
    },
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "raw_tags": [
        "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
        "uncertain"
      ],
      "word": "snace"
    },
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "raw_tags": [
        "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
        "uncertain"
      ],
      "word": "snaice"
    },
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "raw_tags": [
        "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
        "uncertain"
      ],
      "word": "sneeze"
    },
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "raw_tags": [
        "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
        "uncertain"
      ],
      "word": "snaich"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "*gnāst",
      "Reconstruction:Old English/gnast"
    ],
    [
      "*gahnaistô",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gahnaistô"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "*gnāst"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English *gnāst",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*gahnaistô"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gahnaistô",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English *gnāst, from Proto-Germanic *gahnaistô.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "gnost",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnoste",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knast",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "gnast",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "100 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "enm",
          "name": "Fire",
          "orig": "enm:Fire",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "spark (small fire)"
      ],
      "id": "en-gnast-enm-noun-f-33gTBH",
      "links": [
        [
          "spark",
          "spark"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "ash (burnt-out lit matter)"
      ],
      "id": "en-gnast-enm-noun-7iXhTnQZ",
      "links": [
        [
          "ash",
          "ash"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡnɔːst/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡnaːst/",
      "note": "originally Northern"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡnast/",
      "note": "shortened"
    }
  ],
  "word": "gnast"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "tags": [
            "obsolete"
          ],
          "word": "gnast"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "snaste"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "snast"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "snaist"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "snaast"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "sneeste"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "sneest"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "snace"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "snaice"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "sneeze"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "snaich"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "lang_code": "enm",
      "word": "gnast"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "tags": [
            "obsolete"
          ],
          "word": "gnast"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "snaste"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "snast"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "snaist"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "snaast"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "sneeste"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "sneest"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "snace"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "snaice"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "sneeze"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "snaich"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "lang_code": "enm",
      "word": "gnost"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "tags": [
            "obsolete"
          ],
          "word": "gnast"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "snaste"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "snast"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "snaist"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "snaast"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "sneeste"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "sneest"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "snace"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "snaice"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "sneeze"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "snaich"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "lang_code": "enm",
      "word": "gnoste"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "tags": [
            "obsolete"
          ],
          "word": "gnast"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "snaste"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "snast"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "snaist"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "snaast"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "sneeste"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "sneest"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "snace"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "snaice"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "sneeze"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "snaich"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "lang_code": "enm",
      "word": "knast"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Old English",
      "lang_code": "ang",
      "raw_tags": [
        "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
      ],
      "word": "fȳrgnāst"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "*gahnaistō",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/gahnaistō"
    ],
    [
      "*gahnaistô",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gahnaistô"
    ],
    [
      "*ga-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ga-"
    ],
    [
      "*hnaistô",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hnaistô"
    ],
    [
      "knistern",
      "knistern#German"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*gahnaistō"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *gahnaistō",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*gahnaistô",
        "4": "",
        "5": "spark"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gahnaistô (“spark”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*ga-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ga-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*hnaistô",
        "4": "",
        "5": "spark"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hnaistô (“spark”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "title": "imitative"
      },
      "expansion": "imitative",
      "name": "onomatopoeic"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "knistern",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to crackle"
      },
      "expansion": "German knistern (“to crackle”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *gahnaistō, from Proto-Germanic *gahnaistô (“spark”), from Proto-Germanic *ga- + Proto-Germanic *hnaistô (“spark”), perhaps from the ultimate (imitative) source of German knistern (“to crackle”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "gnāst",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ang-decl-noun-a-m",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnāst",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnāstas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnāst",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnāstas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnāstes",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnāsta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnāste",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnāstum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "head": "*gnāst"
      },
      "expansion": "*gnāst m",
      "name": "ang-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*gnāst"
      },
      "name": "ang-decl-noun-a-m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*gnāst",
        "2": "*gnāstas",
        "3": "*gnāst",
        "4": "*gnāstas",
        "5": "*gnāstes",
        "6": "*gnāsta",
        "7": "*gnāste",
        "8": "*gnāstum",
        "num": "",
        "title": "",
        "type": "strong a-stem"
      },
      "name": "ang-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old English",
  "lang_code": "ang",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Old English/gnast",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old English onomatopoeias",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "fȳrgnāst"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "spark"
      ],
      "id": "en-gnast-ang-noun-kvRzgJ5Z",
      "links": [
        [
          "spark",
          "spark"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡnɑːst/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "gnast"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "English countable nouns",
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English nouns",
    "English onomatopoeias",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "English verbs",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English nouns",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:English/æst",
    "Rhymes:English/æst/1 syllable",
    "enm:Fire"
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "gnast",
      "gnast#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "knast",
      "knast#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "*gnāst",
      "Reconstruction:Old English/gnast"
    ],
    [
      "fȳrgnāst",
      "fyrgnast#Old_English"
    ],
    [
      "*gahnaistô",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gahnaistô"
    ],
    [
      "*ga-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ga-"
    ],
    [
      "*hnaistô",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hnaistô"
    ],
    [
      "knistern",
      "knistern#German"
    ],
    [
      "Ganster",
      "Ganster#German"
    ],
    [
      "gnist",
      "gnist#Danish"
    ],
    [
      "gnista",
      "gnista#Swedish"
    ],
    [
      "gneisti",
      "gneisti#Icelandic"
    ],
    [
      "neisti",
      "neisti#Icelandic"
    ],
    [
      "Gneis",
      "Gneis#German"
    ],
    [
      "gneiss",
      "gneiss#English"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_number": "1",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "gnast"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English gnast",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "*gnāst",
        "t": "spark"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English *gnāst (“spark”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*gahnaistô",
        "t": "spark"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gahnaistô (“spark”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*ga-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ga-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*hnaistô",
        "t": "spark"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hnaistô (“spark”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "title": "imitative"
      },
      "expansion": "imitative",
      "name": "onomatopoeic"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "knistern",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to crackle"
      },
      "expansion": "German knistern (“to crackle”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "German",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "da",
        "2": "gnist",
        "3": "",
        "4": "spark, sparkle"
      },
      "expansion": "Danish gnist (“spark, sparkle”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sv",
        "2": "gnista",
        "3": "",
        "4": "spark"
      },
      "expansion": "Swedish gnista (“spark”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "gneisti"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic gneisti",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Gneis",
        "3": "",
        "4": "spark, gneiss"
      },
      "expansion": "German Gneis (“spark, gneiss”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gneiss"
      },
      "expansion": "English gneiss",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English gnast, knast, from Old English *gnāst (“spark”) (attested in fȳrgnāst (“spark of fire”)), from Proto-Germanic *gahnaistô (“spark”), from Proto-Germanic *ga- + Proto-Germanic *hnaistô (“spark”), perhaps from the ultimate (imitative) source of German knistern (“to crackle”).\nCognate with German dialectal Ganster (“spark”), Danish gnist (“spark, sparkle”), Swedish gnista (“spark”), Icelandic gneisti, neisti (“spark”), German Gneis (“spark, gneiss”) (whence English gneiss).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "gnasts",
      "tags": [
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "gnast (plural gnasts)",
      "name": "en-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English terms with obsolete senses"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "A spark; a dying or dead spark, as of a snuffed candle."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "spark",
          "spark"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(obsolete) A spark; a dying or dead spark, as of a snuffed candle."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "rhymes": "-æst"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers"
  ],
  "word": "gnast"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "English entries with incorrect language header",
    "English lemmas",
    "English terms derived from Middle English",
    "English terms derived from Old English",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "English terms inherited from Middle English",
    "English terms inherited from Old English",
    "English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "English verbs",
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English nouns",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Rhymes:English/æst",
    "Rhymes:English/æst/1 syllable",
    "enm:Fire"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "gnasting"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "gnasten",
      "gnasten#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "gnaisten",
      "gnaisten#Middle_English"
    ],
    [
      "*gnǣstan",
      "Reconstruction:Old English/gnæstan"
    ],
    [
      "*gnaistijaną",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gnaistijaną"
    ],
    [
      "*gnīstijaną",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gnīstijaną"
    ],
    [
      "*gʰneydh-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰneydh-"
    ],
    [
      "*gʰneyd-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰneyd-"
    ],
    [
      "knasterje",
      "knasterje#Saterland_Frisian"
    ],
    [
      "gnatschen",
      "gnatschen#Low_German"
    ],
    [
      "knastern",
      "knastern#German"
    ],
    [
      "gnesta",
      "gnesta#Icelandic"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_number": "2",
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "enm",
        "3": "gnasten"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle English gnasten",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "*gnǣstan"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English *gnǣstan",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*gnaistijaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gnaistijaną",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʰneydh-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰneydh-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "stq",
        "2": "knasterje",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to gnash"
      },
      "expansion": "Saterland Frisian knasterje (“to gnash”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "nds-de",
        "2": "gnatschen",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to knead, gnash"
      },
      "expansion": "German Low German gnatschen (“to knead, gnash”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "knastern",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to gnash"
      },
      "expansion": "German knastern (“to gnash”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "is",
        "2": "gnesta",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to crack"
      },
      "expansion": "Icelandic gnesta (“to crack”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Middle English gnasten, gnaisten, from Old English *gnǣstan, from Proto-Germanic *gnaistijaną, causative of *gnīstijaną (“to grind”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰneydh-, *gʰneyd- (“to gnaw, scratch, rub”). Cognate with Saterland Frisian knasterje (“to gnash”), German Low German gnatschen (“to knead, gnash”), German knastern (“to gnash”), Icelandic gnesta (“to crack”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "gnasts",
      "tags": [
        "present",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnasting",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnasted",
      "tags": [
        "participle",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnasted",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "gnast (third-person singular simple present gnasts, present participle gnasting, simple past and past participle gnasted)",
      "name": "en-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "English",
  "lang_code": "en",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "English intransitive verbs",
        "English terms with obsolete senses",
        "English transitive verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "To gnash."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "gnash",
          "gnash"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(ambitransitive, obsolete) To gnash."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "ambitransitive",
        "obsolete"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "rhymes": "-æst"
    }
  ],
  "word": "gnast"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Middle English entries with incorrect language header",
    "Middle English lemmas",
    "Middle English nouns",
    "Middle English terms derived from Old English",
    "Middle English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Old English",
    "Middle English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "enm:Fire"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "tags": [
        "obsolete"
      ],
      "word": "gnast"
    },
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "raw_tags": [
        "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
        "uncertain"
      ],
      "word": "snaste"
    },
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "raw_tags": [
        "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
        "uncertain"
      ],
      "word": "snast"
    },
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "raw_tags": [
        "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
        "uncertain"
      ],
      "word": "snaist"
    },
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "raw_tags": [
        "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
        "uncertain"
      ],
      "word": "snaast"
    },
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "raw_tags": [
        "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
        "uncertain"
      ],
      "word": "sneeste"
    },
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "raw_tags": [
        "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
        "uncertain"
      ],
      "word": "sneest"
    },
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "raw_tags": [
        "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
        "uncertain"
      ],
      "word": "snace"
    },
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "raw_tags": [
        "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
        "uncertain"
      ],
      "word": "snaice"
    },
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "raw_tags": [
        "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
        "uncertain"
      ],
      "word": "sneeze"
    },
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "raw_tags": [
        "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
        "uncertain"
      ],
      "word": "snaich"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "*gnāst",
      "Reconstruction:Old English/gnast"
    ],
    [
      "*gahnaistô",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gahnaistô"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "ang",
        "3": "*gnāst"
      },
      "expansion": "Old English *gnāst",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*gahnaistô"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gahnaistô",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old English *gnāst, from Proto-Germanic *gahnaistô.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "gnost",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnoste",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "knast",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "enm",
        "2": "noun"
      },
      "expansion": "gnast",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Middle English",
  "lang_code": "enm",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "spark (small fire)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "spark",
          "spark"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "ash (burnt-out lit matter)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "ash",
          "ash"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡnɔːst/"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡnaːst/",
      "note": "originally Northern"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡnast/",
      "note": "shortened"
    }
  ],
  "word": "gnast"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "fȳrgnāst"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "tags": [
            "obsolete"
          ],
          "word": "gnast"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "snaste"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "snast"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "snaist"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "snaast"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "sneeste"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "sneest"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "snace"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "snaice"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "sneeze"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "snaich"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "lang_code": "enm",
      "word": "gnast"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "tags": [
            "obsolete"
          ],
          "word": "gnast"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "snaste"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "snast"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "snaist"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "snaast"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "sneeste"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "sneest"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "snace"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "snaice"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "sneeze"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "snaich"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "lang_code": "enm",
      "word": "gnost"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "tags": [
            "obsolete"
          ],
          "word": "gnast"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "snaste"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "snast"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "snaist"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "snaast"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "sneeste"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "sneest"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "snace"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "snaice"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "sneeze"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "snaich"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "lang_code": "enm",
      "word": "gnoste"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "tags": [
            "obsolete"
          ],
          "word": "gnast"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "snaste"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "snast"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "snaist"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "snaast"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "sneeste"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "sneest"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "snace"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "snaice"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "sneeze"
        },
        {
          "lang": "English",
          "lang_code": "en",
          "raw_tags": [
            "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
            "uncertain"
          ],
          "word": "snaich"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Middle English",
      "lang_code": "enm",
      "word": "knast"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Old English",
      "lang_code": "ang",
      "raw_tags": [
        "reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
      ],
      "word": "fȳrgnāst"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "*gahnaistō",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/gahnaistō"
    ],
    [
      "*gahnaistô",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gahnaistô"
    ],
    [
      "*ga-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ga-"
    ],
    [
      "*hnaistô",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hnaistô"
    ],
    [
      "knistern",
      "knistern#German"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gmw-pro",
        "3": "*gahnaistō"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *gahnaistō",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*gahnaistô",
        "4": "",
        "5": "spark"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gahnaistô (“spark”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*ga-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *ga-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "2": "gem-pro",
        "3": "*hnaistô",
        "4": "",
        "5": "spark"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hnaistô (“spark”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ang",
        "title": "imitative"
      },
      "expansion": "imitative",
      "name": "onomatopoeic"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "knistern",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to crackle"
      },
      "expansion": "German knistern (“to crackle”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-West Germanic *gahnaistō, from Proto-Germanic *gahnaistô (“spark”), from Proto-Germanic *ga- + Proto-Germanic *hnaistô (“spark”), perhaps from the ultimate (imitative) source of German knistern (“to crackle”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "gnāst",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ang-decl-noun-a-m",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnāst",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnāstas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnāst",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnāstas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnāstes",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnāsta",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnāste",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gnāstum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m",
        "head": "*gnāst"
      },
      "expansion": "*gnāst m",
      "name": "ang-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*gnāst"
      },
      "name": "ang-decl-noun-a-m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*gnāst",
        "2": "*gnāstas",
        "3": "*gnāst",
        "4": "*gnāstas",
        "5": "*gnāstes",
        "6": "*gnāsta",
        "7": "*gnāste",
        "8": "*gnāstum",
        "num": "",
        "title": "",
        "type": "strong a-stem"
      },
      "name": "ang-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old English",
  "lang_code": "ang",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Old English/gnast",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old English entries with incorrect language header",
        "Old English lemmas",
        "Old English masculine a-stem nouns",
        "Old English masculine nouns",
        "Old English nouns",
        "Old English onomatopoeias",
        "Old English reconstructed terms",
        "Old English terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
        "Old English terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
        "Old English terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
        "Old English terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
        "Old English terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "spark"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "spark",
          "spark"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ɡnɑːst/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "gnast"
}

Download raw JSONL data for gnast meaning in All languages combined (19.9kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.